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(No Model.)

I 5 Sheets-Sheet 1. R. C. RICHARDSON. JAGQUARD APPARATUS.

No. 551,510. vPaAzenrltf-ad Deo. 17, 1895.

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R. C. RICHARDSON.

5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

JAGQUARD APPARATUS.

Patented Deo. 17, 1895.

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BJ. C. RICHARDSON.

JAGQUARD APPARATUS.

No.i 551,510.- Patented Deo. 17, 1895.

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R. C. RICHARDSON.

JAGQUARD APPARATUS.

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UNITED STATES PATENT Ottica.

ROVLAND CREASEY RICHARDSON, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO I-IIMSELF, lVILL AM O. ROXVLAND, ANI) ALBERT E.

SCHMIDT, OF SAME PLACE.

JACQUARD APPARATUSt SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentNo. 551,510, dated December 17, 1895.

Application tiled July 7, 1894. Serial No. 616,813, (No model.)

To all whom it puny concern.-

Be it known that I, RowLAND Gnnnsnv RICHARDSON, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus, of which the following is a true and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part thereof.

My invention relates to Jacquard apparatus, and has for its object to operate a J acquard apparatus in such a manner that it can either be run at half the speed heretofore necessary, or that one jacquard will do the work of two which have formerly been employed in governing the pattern in weaving certain classes of goods, such operation being especially desirable in looms for weaving goods whereon two or more independent patterns or ornamentations appear-such, for instance, as looms for weaving ornainented Nottingham lace, or for weaving ornamented upholstery goods. Heretofore in weaving this class of goods-as, for instance, lace cur-` tains-it has been customary to govern the pattern in one of two ways. One way was to employ two jacquards, each of which was provided with a separate pack of cards, one apparatus governing the thick portion of the ornamentation, and the other apparatus the shading. Another way was to employ one jacquard which ran at twice the speed of the loom, making two indications to each coinplete pick of the loom, the first indication of the jacquard governing the heavy portion of the lace figure and the second pick the shading. The main objection to the first arrangement is the cost of the two jacquards and two packs of cards, and to the second the slow speed at which it was necessary to run the loom.

My invention overcomes the objection to both these prior arrangements, since i employ but one jacquard, need but half the cards heretofore employed and malte but one indication to each pick of the loom.

To effect this my invention consists, first, in regard to the jacquard proper, irrespective of its particular application to any particular loom, in providing' a double-lift jacquard having of course at least two sets of griifs with an indicator mechanism adapted to indicate simultaneouslyr the hooks operated by all or both sets of griffs, and with means for maintaining the hooks in their indicated position after the withdrawal of the indicator mechanism and before the grip is moved to govern a piek.

My invention further consists in certain details of construction which will be pointed out hereinafter.

My invention will be best understood as eX- plained in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a side view of a loom designed to produce goods of substantially the character specified. Fig. 2 is a view of a jacquard constructed according to my invention and which when placed in suitable position in respect to the loom shown in 1, is adapted to govern the pattern of the article woven thereby. Fig. 3 is a section on the line ac a; of Fig. 2. Figs. i, 5, and 6 are detail views of the supporting-frame for the griff-bars. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a convenient form of operating mechanism for the two independent griffs. Fig. S is a view of the two independent griff-bars, showing how the needles, after indication, are prevented from springing back onto the griff-knives of the set which has not been raised. Fig. 9 is a view of one of the cams for operating one of the sets of griffe. Fig. l is a view showing thc manner of engagement of the needles and hooks. Fig. ll is a perspective view of one of the shuttles used in the particular loom shown; Fig. 12, a cross-section of the bobbing Fig. 13, a detail view of a cam used to actuate the bar which ,governs the .movement of the warp-threads.

IOO

in the construction shown, of a square cylinder adapted to carry and present cards B', thereby operating the proper hooks through the medium of needles N. The indicator mechanism is adapted to operate but once during every complete pick of the loom, and at each operation it indicates hooks which are lifted by each set of griifs-that is, it indicates all the hooks which are to be lifted in the two next lifts, one lift of each set of griffs. It is necessary therefore to provide means to main tain the hooks in their indicated position after the withdrawal of the indicator mechanism and before the griifs operate.

In the particular Jacquard apparatus shown, which is of the type most usually employed, it is necessary to prevent the hooks which have been moved out of the path of the set of griffs which makes its lift latest from' springing back into the path of the griifs after the withdrawal of the indicator mechanism and before the griffs operate.

Any suitable means for locking the hooks may be employed. I prefer, however, especially when the usual form of Jacquard apparatus shown is employed, the lock shown best in Figs. 2 and S, which consists of the griifs themselves. To operate the griffs as locks, I iirst, and immediately after an indication, and before the card or other mechanism is withdrawn, lift both sets of griff's or all the griffs, if more than two sets are empl'oyed, to such 'a height that they will prevent the indicated hooks from springing back onto the griff-knives, but ynot high enough to regulate the shed. The pattern-indicator mechanism 'can then be safely withdrawn and the griifs operated one after the other to govern two successive picks or two parts of one pick, or, as in the presentcase, two independent ornam'entations. The two sets of griffs may very conveniently be raised the short distance described simultaneously, but it is not at all necessary that they should move together, all that is necessary being that when the indicator mechanism is withdrawn, both sets of griffs shall be raised to such a height that the hooks which have been moved out of the path of the griffs can not spring back onto them. After both sets of griifs have been raised `to this height the indicator mechanism can be immediately Withdrawn and the vgriffs with their selected hooks raised one after the other.

It will of course be evident that while I have shown my jacquard provided with but two sets of gri'ffs more thantwo sets can be employed, if desired, the operation being exactly the same.

In Figs. 2 and 8 the lgriffs A and A2 'are shown in the position they occupy after an indication has been made, the pattern-card withdrawn, and the griff Al raised'to regulate a pick, the griff A2 being raised so that the indicated hooks (indicated at ha) cannot spring back onto these griffs. This jacquard may be used advantageously in any position where a pattern is to be woven in, which consists of two or more independent parts, no twov of which are applied together. A set of griffs can be supplied for each different ornamentation or shade of the pattern, and one card will indicate all the hooks necessary on all the griffs, and the slight lift will be sufficient to preserve the' indication on each set of griffs till it is used to govern its pick. This jacquard thus operated is very efiicient in making lace curtains and upholstery goods, and I have shown a machine for making cui tains governed by such a jacquard.

L is the loom, having a frame L.

IV is the warp-beam; zu, the warp-threads; XV', the take-up roll; L2, suitable spools for the weft or pattern threads which are indicated at p. Z2 Z2 indicate lingoes for these threads.

D D are guideLbar's for the warp and pattern threads, respectively. These are best shown in Fig. 23. The guide-bars D D are each given an endwise motion for a purpose to be hereinafter explained; This is effected in the case of the bar D for the warpethreads by means of a lever d* pivoted at d2 and provided with a camrunner d3 which runs in the face of the cam D5. (Shown in detail in Fig. I3.) A cam of a similar character, but of a slightly-different contour and situated preferably at the other end of the loom, operates the bar D. Of course in some looms there are more than two guide-bars, but this is the usual number.

L3 indicates combs or runways for the sluittl'es. (Shown more clearly in Figs. ll and 23.)

S S indicate the shuttles of which there may be up to sixteen or more to an inch, according to the iineness ofthe lace. Their position relative'to the warp-threads is shown in Fig. 23, where the warp-threads are shown, for the sake of `clearness, somewhat farther apart than they would be in practice.

L5 indicates points which serve the same purpose as the reeds of the lay in an ordinary loom. L4 L4 are beams which have edges Z1 I* which are adapted to engage with notches I Ion the shuttles S and move the whole line of shuttles simultaneously through the warps.

C is a power-shaft, v'and K a shaft conveniently arrangedon the top of the loom, and revolving at the same'rate as the shaft C for giving motion to the jacquard, it being, of course, evident that this is `simply shown as a convenient arrangement since the jacquard can 'be driven by any connections found convenient. By arranging the shaft K as shown. however, a very convenient arrangement is aiforded.

In the construction shown, K is a cam adapted to operate the set of griffs A, N being a suitable link, AO va lever and o a suitable frame.

7n indicates a guide-cam to do away with the necessity of a spring.

fn. n are cam-rollers which bear against the cams.

The cam K is of a suitable shape, substan- IOO IIO

tially as shown, to give the griff A the motion already described. A second cam K2 serves through link N2, lever O2 and frame o2 to operate the griiis A2 as described, 7a2 and n2 being a guide-cam and rollers for riding the cams. l have also indicated at K3 an eccentric for operating the cylinder B in a wellknown manner, N3 and O3 indicating suitable connections.

The construction of the shuttles usually employed is shown in Figs. 11 and 12, S being the shuttle and S the bobbin which turns in a suitable socket Il in the shuttle, and as the shuttle is of course very thin the bobbin is constructed of thin sheet metal, as indicated in Fig. 12, two disks t2 t2 being secured together at t forming between them the space t in which the thread is wound.

J J are the picks which serve to govern the pattern. These picks project into the patternshed, as shown in Fig. 1, but they are connected by means of the cords J to the hooks of the jacquard, which operate to draw back certain of the picks to regulate the pattern. The position of the shuttle-threads and other parts is shown more clearly in Fig.

The stitch or weave and the manner of making it are best explained in connection with Figs. 1i to 22, which illustrate, diagrammatically, the various positions a thread will take in the course of making a pattern such as is shown in Fig. 24, the mechanism being capable of forming the net proper, indicated at fr, the heawv shading or clothing' indicated at fr" and the light shading indicated at r2.

In Figs. l-i to 22 w wz, dre., indicate warpthreads, p p2, &c. ,the pattern or weit-threads, and s s2 the shuttle-threads. S S, itc., are the shuttles; J, the picks; cZ, the eyes in beam D for the warps, and cl the eyes for the pattern-threads. The beam D' has a movement iirst one way and then back, so as to carry the warps from the position shown in Fig. 1i to that shown in Fig. 15. The warpthreads are indicated in heavy black lines, the pattern-threads in dot-and-dash lines, and the sluittle-threads in light irregular lines. The threads being in the position shown in Fig. 14: and the shuttles behind the web, as shown in Fig. l, and the picks J out of engagement with the threads, the first motion is a motion of the warp-threads fw wg, 85o., one space to the left, and ot the pattern-threads two spaces to the left, this motion being given by the endwise movement of the guide-bars D D", throughthe eyes d d of which pass respectively the pattern and warp threads. At this point the indication occurs, and supposing that I desire to form the shaded portion (indicated at fr2 in Fig. 24) all of the picks J will come forward to prevent the free movement of the pattern-threads to the lett with the guide-bars D, which, after the indication, move to the left a distance sufficient to move the free pattern-threads two spaces.

In Fig. 16 I have shown all the patternthreads as detained by the picks. When the CIJ threads are in this position the shuttles S make their forward movement, and the points L draw the threads into position, as shown at the top of Fig. 16, the shuttle-threads s' s2, dac., taking a partial turn round the warpthreads and pattern threads. The next motion is the return of the warp-threads to their original position, as shown in Fig. 14, and the return movement of the patternthreads three spaces, this motion being given by the movement of the guide-bars D and D. Indication is now made, and, as I am forming a shading at r2 the picks will all be withdrawn, permitting the guide-bar D to move all the pattern-threads one space toward the right, as shown in Fig. 18. The shuttles now make return to their original position, going through the warp-threads and, as it will be noted, on the other side of a particular warpthread from the side on which they made their forward motion, thus wrapping the shuttlethreads s s2, duc., around the warp-threads and pattern-threads, tying them together. The next motion would be the movement of the warp-threads one space to the left and of the pattern threads two spaces to the left, leaving the shade in the position shown in Fig. l5 and ready for the forward motion of the shuttles, after the proper indication has been made. This, it will be noted, forms the shaded portion shown at r2 in Fig. 2i.

To form the heavy portion called clothing, (indicated at fr in Fig. 24,) it is simply necessary to withdraw the proper picks,which prevent the movement of the pattern-threads with their guide-bar D. This I have indicated in Fig. 16,where pattern-threads, shown in double lines,are supposed to have been free to move with their guide-bars. The movement of the guide bar will therefore cause these pattern threads to be moved three spaces in advance of their starting-point, and then they will be caught up and tied by the shuttle-threads attached to three shuttles instead of one. There will be therefore three pattern-threads in the space occupied by one thread in making the stitch shown in Fig. 19 or at r in Fig. 24. To form the net portion shown at r it is simply necessary to tie the pattern-threads and the warp-threads together for one or more pic-ks. The way that this is done is shown in Figs. 20, 21., and 22. Fig. 20 shows the position of the threads which are shown in Fig. 17. If the indication does not permit these threads to move with the guide-bar, as they did in Fig. 1S, the threads being held in the position they had in Fig. 17 by the picks, the backward movement of the shuttle will, therefore, simply wind the shuttle-threads s s', 6to., around the warp and pattern threads without makinga stitch. On the indicating -picks being withdrawn the pattern-threads will fall to the position shown in Fig. 22, and then when the guide-bars make their movement one space to the left for the warp-threads, and two spaces for the patternthreads, it being noted that the warp-thread ICO IIO

p will simply lie close against the warp-thread 102 and the pattern-thread@z against the warpthread w3, and so on, and the picks preventing any further movement all these threads have simply to be tied together without making any cross-stitch. Thus bypermitting the picks to move forward or holding them back by the action of the jacquard it will be seen that any two forms of ornamentation will be very readily formed by the machine illustrated.

It will be notedhow very well a Jacquard apparatus constructed according to myinvention is adapted to govern the formation of a pattern, such as `has been described. The clcthing fr and the shading fr2 or the net i" would of course never be required at thesame place. Each pick J is therefore connected to two hooks, one operated by each set of grids. The set of griffs which operates iirst will actuate the picks which serve to govern the movement of the pattern-threads as the shuttles m alie their forward motion, and the griif which operates last the picks which have the same function on the back motion ofthe shuttles and since, as is, of course, evident, it is never necessary that the thick clothing and the shade are needed at the same place at the same time, the indication for a complete'pick can be made before the pick. is begun and then secured by raising the griifs or other locking means and used to regulate the pattern whenever in the course of the pick it becomes necessary. i i

It has been, as before suggested, customary to employ two jacquards, one of which indicated the forward movement and the other the back movement of the shuttles, (the other mode of working with one jacquard run at double speed not being so usually employed on account of the slow speed at which the loom had to be run.) Each jacquard had, of course, its pack of cards and driving mechanism. By my improvement one jacquard and its driving mechanism can be entirely dispensed with and one pack of cards, which is an important item in this class of weaves, can also be discarded, all the indication which was previously put on two cards beingmade in one.

Another and perhaps the most important advantage gained is the increase in speed permitted. In weaving machinery the causes which limit speed are principally the indication and the time needed for the throw of a ground-shuttle. The second cause of delay can be substantially disregarded in a laceloom, where the shuttle is positively actuated instead of thrown, but the indicator mechanism has always limited the speed. In my improved apparatus, however, where a single jacquard need make but one indication to every complete forward and back travel of the shuttles the loom can be speeded up much beyond itspresent limit. I have found in practice that this increase in speed and consequently in production is, at the most conserif'ative estimate, more than fifteen per cent.

- It will, of course, be understood that while I have described my jacquard as yemployed with a lace-loom, wherethe combination results in a very effective machine, I do not, of course, wish to limit it to such au application, as it can be employed in controlling the pattern in various styles of weaves.

In the figures on Sheet 2 of the drawings I have shown the preferredr form of my jacquard more iny detail. The grid-knives a are secured at each endto frames b h which have secured to them guide-rods h4 which project through guideeyes c* secured to the frame of the apparatus. The frames D' are connected to the lever-frame o by means of links b3. The griff-knives a2 are shown secured to frames h2 which have guide-eyes c5 which surround the rods b4' and so guide the frames b2.Y This construction affords a very compact Jacquard apparatus and both sets of griffs are guided very exactly.

As before stated, `any sui-table means may be employed for locking or holding the hooks and preventing them from engaging the griffs after the indicating mechanism has been withdrawn andl before the griffs are actuated to form= the shed. I claim to be the iirst to effect this operation, and would have it understood that, although, when I use herein the expression means for preventing the hooks from engaging the griffs, &c. orexpressions i of similarimport, I refer to the griffs and the mechanism for moving them to thus hold the hooks. I do not intend thereby to limit my claims to these grids and their operating mechanism, but desire and intend said claims to be construed broadly so as to cover any suitable means for preventing the hooks from engaging the grifi's Y between the time when the indicator is withdrawn and the starting of the griffs to form the shed or govern a pick.

-I would also have it understood that, al-

though I have herein illustrated, described and claimed the indicator as adapted to select, the hooks that are to be operated by the griifs and the hooks that are not to be so operated as being those that are prevented from engaging the griffs after the withdrawal of said indicator and before the griffs start, it is equally within the contemplation of my invention and the intended scope of my claims to have the indicator select those hooks that are not to be operated by the griffs, in which case the hooks to be prevented from engaging the griffs at Vthe time specified would be the ones selected by the indicator.

Having noviT described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is l. The combination in a Jacquard apparatus of two or more sets of griifs, means for operating the griffs successively to raise selected hooks, hooks adapted to be operated by the griifs, an indicator mechanism adapted to indicate hooks operated by all the griffs before IOO IIO

any of the grids are operated to regulate a pick, and means for maintaining the hooks in their indicated position after the indicating mechanism is Withdrawn and before the griffs are moved to govern a pick.

2. The combination, in a Jacquard apparatus, of a plurality of griffs, hooks operated by said grifls, and an indicator mechanism for selecting the hooks to be operated by all the griii's before any of said griffs are actu'- ated, and means for preventing the unselected hooks from engaging the griiis after the indicating mechanism has been withdrawn and before said griffs are actuated.

3. The combination, in a Jacquard apparatus, of gris, means to operate them alternately, hooks operated by said griffs, and mechanism for simultaneously indicating the hooks to be operated by all the griifs, and means for preventing the hooks which are not to be operated by the griff that is latest to act from engaging said gri after the indicating mechanism is withdrawn and before said griff is actuated.

4. The combination, in a Jacquard apparatus, of two sets of grids, means to operate them alternately, hooks operated by said grift's, and a card-presenting cylinder for simultaneously indicating the hooks to be operated by both sets of griifs, and means for preventing the hooks which are not to be operated by the set of griffs that is latest to act from engaging said set of griifs after the withdrawal of the pattern and before said set of grifts is actuated.

5. A Jacquard apparatus consisting of two sets of griifs, hooks operated thereby and an indicator mechanism for indicating simultaneously the hooks operated by both sets of griffs, in combination with means for raising both sets of griffs for a short distance substantially for the purpose specified and then lifting iirst one and then the other set of griffe to make two consecutive picks.

G. A Jacquard apparatus consisting of two sets of griffs, hooks operated thereby, a cylinder, and pattern cards for indicating simultaneously the hooks operated byboth sets of griifs, in combination with means for raising both sets of griffs for a short distance, for the purpose specified, and then lifting first one and then the other set of griffs to make two consecutive picks.

7. A Jacquard apparatus consisting of two sets of griifs, hooks actuated thereby and a card presenting cylinder for indicating simultaneously the hooks actuated by both set-s of griffs, in combination with a power shaft, cams arranged thereon, and connections from the griffs to the cams, the said cams being formed so as tolift both griffs simultaneously to a height which will not be suiiicient to govern a pick but which will be sufficient to prevent the indicated hooks from springing hack on to the grif knives on the withdrawal of the pattern card, and then to lift iirst one and then the other griff to make consecutii-*e picks.

S. A Jacquard apparatus having two independent sets of griffs, hooks operated thereby and indicator mechanism for simultaneously indicating the hooks to be actuated by both sets of griffs in combination with means for moving said griifs simultaneously during a portion only of their upward travel and independently during the remainder of said travel, whereby the hooks that are not to be actuated are prevented from engaging the griifs after the pattern card withdraws and before the griffs begin to form the shed.

ROWLND CREASEY RICHARDSON. lVitnesses CHARLES F. ZIEGLER, Enw. F. AYRES. 

